Issues:

• impact of the final reform efforts (1898-1908)
• context and legacy of the 1911 revolution
• impact of the "Warlord Period"
• the ambiguous heritage of Sun Yat-sen

Activities:

• Presentation by Dr. Spendelow
• Class discussion

Resources:

• term sheet:  China's Revolutionary Century

Readings:

Discussion:

1. Ernest P. Young, "Nationalism, Reform, and Republican Revolution," in James B. Crowley, ed., Modern East Asia:  Essays in Interpretation, pp. 151-178

Background:

1. Thompson, Roger R.  China's Local Councils in the Age of Constitutional Reform, 1898-1911 (Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 1995)
2. Karl, Rebecca E., and Peter Zarrow, eds.  Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period: Political and Cultural Change in Late Qing China (Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 2002)
3. Waldron, Arthur.  "The Warlord:  Twentieth-Century Chinese Understandings of Violence, Militarism, and Imperialism"  The American Historical Review, #96.4 (October 1991), pp. 1073-1100
4. Young, Ernest P.  The Presidency of Yuan Shih-k'ai (Ann Arbor:  University of Michigan Press, 1977) [DS 777.2 .Y6]